The use of code of special G, M in CNC Machining

0 " , express to should be carried out come here when block, feed break down continues to implement follow-up order injunction again after 1 second. The delay time time in G04 instruction is when process designing set, its choose limits to be " 0.

001 ～ 99999.

999 seconds or turn (the) of IS-B increment system that dictates with X or U. Quantum of time of 99999999 delay time is 1 ～ 0.

0001 seconds or turn (the IS-C increment system that dictates with P) " . G04 delay time dictates a few kinds of cases that use commonly are: ① when to be illogical Kong Zunshen spends treatment, after cutting tool gives a regulation depth, with G04 the instruction can make cutting tool makes blame feed light make cutting treatment, retreat a knife next, assure hole bottom level off, make relevant surface does not have burr; When ② groove, main shaft idling should let in bottom land a few turn to retreat a knife again. Retreat knife chamfer not to need precision work commonly, use statement of G04 delay time, be helpful for bottom land smooth, improve quality of spare parts whole; On lathe of ③ numerical control, when the top Kong Huo that gets 60 ° in the center of workpiece end panel pours 45 ° wine cup, to make aperture flank, reach horny level, use G04 instruction makes workpiece has turned 1 the knife is retreated again after turning; ④ turning axis kind shoulder of spare parts stage, when cutting tool gives moving direction the change, g04 of the setting between the instruction that should run way in the change dictates, in order to assure the verticality of axial shoulder end and workpiece axes. Use a case commonly except above, in the use of actual CNC Machining, trying a few special used analysis and research, received new revelation from which: (1) uses a pace to be the numerical control machine tool of feed drive system into electric machinery, especially the numerical control machine tool that home improves a design, in high accuracy treatment, create the effect of didymous displacement precision quickly to avoid frequency to had changed, the ordinary person dictates to will nod carry G00 quickly the road is 2 block via decomposing, paragraph 1 to nod carry quickly, paragraph 2 for linear interpolation. Because high speed nods carry to move in it is in the begining litre fast, it is normal divide evenly when the speed frequency that promotes set fast move, adjacent when arriving at fixed position to nod, be fall frequency (what often say namely is automatic litre fall fast) . Be in paragraph 1 hind if set instruction of delay time G04, can make sure high speed moves fall frequency after perfect stability, again low speed moves, make control precision to be able to rise. The opening fixed position when be being machined to numerical control drilling machine especially is particularly clear. (2) big batch is odd in the spare parts treatment with a shorter handling time, the pushbutton that start is used often, to reduce the misoperation that handlers brings as a result of exhaustion or frequent pushbutton, of the spare parts after with G04 the instruction replaces first start. Delay time time assembles and unassemble by what complete a part time set, after operation personnel masters CNC Machining program adroitly, the instruction time of delay time can shorten gradually, but the safe time that needs to assure to be decided firstly. Spare parts machine program designs circular subprogram, g04 instruction is with respect to the design in the main program that calls this loop subprogram, design a choice to plan to stop M01 instruction to serve as the end of the program or examination when necessary. (When lathe of 3) numerical control attacks central whorl with tap, need to attack a tooth with stretch collet head, come in order to make sure tap is attacked won't die when whorl is bottom, set instruction of G04 delay time in whorl bottom, make tap makes treatment of blame feed cutting, the time of delay time needs to ensure main shaft dead stop, press after main shaft dead stop turning formerly speed inverts, tap backs down by former lead. Program citing: M03S300; Rotate speed of the main shaft that attack a tooth cannot too fast G00XOZ5.

0; To G32Z-20 of work center coordinate.

0F1.

0M05; The main shaft after tap ends stops G04X5.

0; 5 seconds make tap delay time had been not machine G32Z5 to cutting.

0M04; Main shaft inverts, tap is regressive (4) ward ends when retreating a knife, helix nick stays when the knife and affect exterior surface roughness to avoid to retreat, should make boring cutter makes blame feed stay in hole bottom, the knife is retreated again after awaiting main shaft dead stop. The meeting when retreating a knife leaves the nick retreating a knife of perpendicular end panel, be in commonly in machining craft, boring hole is to allow to should retreat knife nick to exist, use this nick to still can judge the appearance error that bores hole. (5) needs setting G04 directive after the instruction that send message, have enough time delay time in order to assure, after the action that awaits the instruction that send message to set a requirement begins or be being finished, run follow-up program again, the dependability that machines in order to ensure. If change a knife, open is shut main shaft, lubricant or put through other signal. Be like: The center of Che Xi of numerical control of tower of double knife of S-188 double main shaft of company of peaceful of Ma of Swiss green jade, distribute system of NUM1050 numerical control, in pull the program when makings automatically to be: N0160M60; Clamping apparatus is opened allow N0170M169; Clamping apparatus opens N0180G04FO.

3N0190G01ZL1; L1 already assigned N0200M168; N0210G04FO of clamping apparatus clamp.

3(6) has bigger change in main shaft rotate speed when, can set G04 instruction. The purpose is after making main shaft rotate speed stable, undertake the cutting of the spare parts is machined again, in order to improve the exterior quality of the spare parts. Program citing: N0010S1000M13; Main shaft turns, cooling fluid opens N0020T0302N0030G01X32.

4FO.

1N0040S3500M03; Main shaft rotate speed has bigger metabolic N0050G04XO6; Delay time 0. 6SN0060G01Z-10.

0FO.

02(7) has a variety of functions in machine program when order is carried out, must set G04 instruction. If manipulator receives synchronism of spare parts, double main shaft, change tower of the 2nd knife to machine from tower of the 1st knife etc, press complex degree of the movement, the G04 defer with different set is measured, in order to make before one movement ends completely, reentry leaves one action all right, avert interference. (8) is in mill treatment process, when machining the circular arc role with knife same way, can set G04 instruction. Can eliminate the taper that place letting a knife brings and the R error that process actually, but the exterior quality of circular arc horn can drop. Program citing: N0120G03X20.

5Y18.

6R6F100N0130G04XO.

5N0140G01Y50.

5F300(9) moves in main shaft sky when, set the time of every archives rotate speed with G04, write program of a paragraph of heat engine, make equipment automatic move, can make the effect of heat engine more good. Be like: N0220M03S1000N0230G04X600N0240S5000N0250G04X600N0260S10000N0270G04X6002) returns reference point of instruction of reference point G26, G27, G28, G29 is a machine tool one when go up secures a place, return functional cutting tool to move easily through reference point this position. Reference point basically uses as changing knife or set coordinate automatically is, cutting tool whether return reference point well and truly, it is the main index that measures its to repeat fixed position precision, also be the premise condition that CNC Machining assures its size consistency. In be being machined actually, clever use return reference point instruction, can raise the precision of the product. (The machine tool with very tall to repeating fixed position precision 1) , to assure the treatment precision of main measure, before machining main measure, cutting tool can return reference point to move to machine the position afresh again first. The purpose of such way is new officer nucleus actually fiducial, in order to decide the dimension precision of treatment. (2) uses a machine tool to much axis couplet, especially machine tool of tower of much axis much knife, the program begins paragraph, set a reference point instruction commonly, avoid to change a knife or interference circumstance appears when much axis linkage is machined. (Before the machining center of 3) four-axle above is undertaking B axis rotates, lathe of double main shaft is in advocate, before layshaft synchronism is machined, the setting answers reference point instruction, can prevent to produce accident bumping into a knife. Be like: 5 axes of HERMLE600U machining center of 5 linkage vertical, distribute system of Heidenhaini530 numerical control, its B axis but 110 ° of ± rotate, and knife library is at the back of main shaft, before B axis rotates, add reference point statement. (Lathe of 4) double main shaft, add man-hour in one main shaft only, use reference point statement, make another main shaft is in reference point position, can make the program is carried out smoothly and assure to machine precision. Be like center of Che Xi of numerical control of tower of double knife of S188 double main shaft, it is only when spare parts of treatment of a main shaft, use G28 statement above all, return another main shaft and knife tower reference point position, so that machine success. (5) is straight-cut to much axis machine tool, should want to close because of all sorts of reasons when some axis, use reference point statement, make this one axis is in reference point position, undertake closing again next, can make sure the position of this axis is spent. Be like TONUSDECO2000 machine tool, because machine a requirement to must close X4 and Z4 axis, here the circumstance falls, before undertaking systematic screen X4 and Z4 axis, carry out return reference point operation. (When 6) is repairing the servo unit of some axis, undertake reference point is operated answering first commonly (like possible) , when with avoiding to be in this axis breaks phone, of coordinate position missing. If the United States with a ha holds out company COBRA42 machine tool, because movement of X axis electric machinery has murmur to need to check, carry out before the examination return reference point operation. 3) dictates relative to process designing G91 and G90 of absolutely process designing opposite process designing is with point of a knife location position is coordinate origin, point of a knife comes with undertaking displacement at coordinate origin relatively process designing. That is to say, the coordinate origin of opposite process designing often is in commutation, moving is with showing point of a knife the dot is fiducial control displacement, when so successive displacement, inevitable generation accumulates an error. Absolutely process designing is in the whole process of treatment, all have relatively unified datum mark, namely coordinate origin, so its accumulate an error more opposite process designing is small. When CNC Turning is machined, the precision of workpiece radial dimension is taller than axial dimension, it is so when work out program, radial dimension had better use absolutely process designing, go to the lavatory considering what add man-hour, axial dimension uses opposite process designing, but to important axial measure, also can use absolutely process designing. When CNC Milling is machined, should use absolutely process designing to important measure. When machining center of numerical control Che Xi machines a spare parts, use opposite process designing when the car is machined commonly, when commutation is machined for mill, with absolutely process designing. Be like: Center of mill of car of EMCO332 numerical control, distribute system of numerical control of Xi Menzi 840D, tower of double knife of double main shaft, in the program when undertaking Che Xi machines: M06T10M38; Car means, acquiesce is in M04S1000M08G95FO of G91 opposite process designing.

03G00X8.

0YOZ10.

0G00Z1.

0G01Z-11.

55FO.

01M06T13M39; Mill means, g00G90X-L12Z1 of G91 opposite process designing, G90 absolutely process designing; L12 already assigned G01G90Z-9.

5F1200G01G91XO.

30G00G90Z1 is additional, to assure the certain and relative position of the spare parts, according to the requirement of craft, use what undertake opposite process designing and absolutely process designing neatly. 4) main shaft loosens clamp dictates main shaft loosens and clamp dictates, below normal circumstance, it is to assemble and unassemble use when the spare parts, but to lathe of much main shaft, still have other utility: (1) uses synchronism of Yu Shuang axis to machine. Processing long and thin rod kind when the spare parts, with advocate, layshaft places the two end that hold a part respectively, use the retraction power when chuck clamp, make the spare parts is in by taut condition, undertake cutting is machined again, can produce taper in order to because let a knife,prevent, can improve the treatment quality of spare parts surface. (2) is straight-cut to numerical control lathe, the course is installed reasonably advocate the instruction of loose, clamp of layshaft, pull for many times send makings, section is machined for many times, can machine grow multiple long and thin spare parts than rated journey. The author ever was in TONUSDECO2000 machine tool (the φ that long 96mm gives with this method treatment on 64mm) of Z axis journey 0.

6mm and φ 0.

8mm step axis. Be like: Amount to of TONUSDECO2000 machine tool accuses straight-cut lathe, deserve to be based on FUNAC16 system and improve, have electronic cam function, the PNT2000(TONUS patent product that is form a complete set of straight-cut machine tool only) numerical control system, means of its process designing has not at average car, mill, each labor situation is ability flow make up respectively in each block diagram, list only now advocate the order that processes labor situation: G00G100Z1=0X1=1; Main shaft rotates, knife of cooling, attune has labor situation G01X1=0 additionally.

6FO.

05G01Z1=-60.

0FO.

02G01X1=1.

2FO.

05G00G100X1=20M111; G04XO of loose main shaft.

4G01Z1=0.

0FO.

1M110; Main shaft G04XO of the 2nd clamp.

4G01G100X1=1.

2G01X=0.

8F=0.

05G01Z1=-36.

0FO.

02G01X1=1.

2FO.

05G00G100X1=20; Changeover arrives cut off labor situation. Instruction of 5)G53 zero shift is in usually, the instruction such as G53 ～ G59, it is to apply the condition that needs to build process designing origin afresh in process of spare parts treatment to fall, if many spare partses are machined at the same time,wait, but be like reasonable use this kind of statement, can improve the efficiency of the machine tool. To equipment of major numerical control, after switch on the mobile phone, must have the heat engine of period of time, in order to eliminate the error that because of main shaft or knife tower calorific place brings. If be familiar with the machine tool, can set the instruction such as G53 ～ G59 in the begin of machine program, undertake compensating artificially, can shorten considerably heat engine time. Be like center of Che Xi of numerical control of tower of double knife of S-188 double main shaft, because pilot number of axle is more, if want dimension perfect stability, need to run 2h to control for nothing everyday, via period of time fumble, use G53 statement now, namely: G53XO.

04YO.

01. Inside 2h, every 0.

5h reduces XO.

01YO.

005, can be in control of heat engine time 0.

5h less than. Batch production, when workbench can install clip to count a part, the statement such as G53 ～ G59 is used in process designing, define a few different treatment origin, can install clip to machine several spare partses, save the time that change a knife, improve work efficiency. Be like VC750 vertical machining center, workbench is 850mm × 530mm, the preform that machines a spare parts is φ 160mm, eliminate outfit places a share, can hold 4 parts every time. The program is as follows: The order that G57P1M98M99 of G56P1M98 ／ of G54P1M98 ／ G55P1M98 ／ will process makes up a subprogram (P1 date) , do not carry out the course that takes ／ when debug, after batch is produced, carry out again. 6)G79 jumps turn instruction G79 instruction turns to jump forcibly, in Che Xi use in the spare parts machine program of compound machining center, can bring very big convenience. Be like center of Che Xi of numerical control of tower of double knife of S-188 double main shaft, distribute system of NUM1050 numerical control, the belt is automatic pull makings orgnaization, in the work out of spare parts machine program, be like: $G79N2037N2037GOX52.

0Z2.

0 add G79 statement, can very have program of each labor situation conveniently debug, discharge average order every move the trouble that one pace should seek block from the beginning or increases M01 in each block end; Can jump directly at the same time turn to the program to end sentence undertake cutting off. Before 7)G09 decelerate and G09 of exact location instruction dictate its function is to executing an order, decelerate stops well and truly to be in current the place with a program definite place. Use when finish machining, the form that can make machine size is exact, be like center of Che Xi of numerical control of tower of double knife of S-188 double main shaft, distribute system of NUM1050 numerical control: G01Z1FO.

02G01G09ZO.

5G01G09X9.

745Z-0.

4G01Z-11.

CNC Machining of 523 last words is the automation treatment means that is based on numerical control program, in be machined actually, have thorough analysis and research to code of G, M, to conventional treatment the method undertakes changing, need has stronger program statement to use ability and rich practice mastery of a skill or technique. The author is engaged in the maintenance of education of numerical control skill, CNC Machining and numerical control equipment nearly 20 years, encounter rife technology difficult problem, in the use respect of code of special G, M, accumulated certain experience. In CNC Machining program, had used code of these special G, M, to raising the treatment quality of the spare parts and precision, use, safeguard machine tool of good numerical control to have important sense. Article author: ? Merchant Qia make smooth with a raking guides border Xian г why Pi  dips in? of  of  of Liu of naevus of nine of  of Xing Xun of Jiao of aurelian border of Qian of Lan of Gu Ying teaching " mould industry " 2005 the 12nd period CNC Milling